{"id":5858,"date":"2016-11-26T00:29:33","date_gmt":"2016-11-25T16:29:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibon.org\/?p=5858"},"modified":"2017-02-19T09:00:39","modified_gmt":"2017-02-19T01:00:39","slug":"5858","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/5858\/","title":{"rendered":"Marcos-initiated “globalization” led to PH economic decline"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ibon-2016-1125-marcosglobalization\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

“In 1980, the Marcos regime actually made the Philippines the first country in Asia and the second country in the world, after Turkey, to be at the receiving end of a World Bank structural adjustment loan (SAL). The conditionalities of the US$200 million loan included among others tariff cuts, removal of import licenses and quantitative restrictions, lowering protections, and export-promotion \u2013 all in line with the market-oriented restructuring of the economy. This first SAL and another US$302 million one in 1984 were the historic spearheads of subsequent decades of trade and investment liberalization in the country.” — from\u00a0Anyare? Economic Decline Since Marcos<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  “In 1980, the Marcos regime actually made the Philippines the first country in Asia and the second country in the world, after Turkey, to be at the receiving end of a World Bank structural adjustment loan (SAL). The conditionalities of the US$200 million loan included among others tariff cuts, removal of import licenses and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[547,4,39,108,12,510],"tags":[637,638,373,457,347,358,475,696,695,116,849,83],"class_list":["post-5858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educators-forum-for-development","category-headline","category-infographics","category-international-and-regional-issues","category-national-socioeconomic-situation","category-peoples-agenda","tag-marcosnohero","tag-truthaboutmartiallaw","tag-agriculture","tag-deregulation","tag-duterte-administration","tag-globalization","tag-liberalization","tag-manufacturing","tag-marcoso-dictatorship","tag-philippine-economy","tag-philippine-history","tag-privatization","wpautop"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-08-13 01:18:44","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5858"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5870,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5858\/revisions\/5870"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibon.org\/tl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}